Lighting loads
Sunrise and Sunset hours
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
Estimating the hours that artificial lighting will be necessary
EXHIBITION SPACES
HOURS THAT REQUIRE ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING DURING THE YEAR: 303
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 2648
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 2648
ASSUMED AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR OF THE SPACE: 6
PERCENTAGE THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE OFF: 81%
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 503
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 503
WORKSHOP
HOURS THAT REQUIRE ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING DURING THE YEAR: 726
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 3289
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 3289
ASSUMED AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR OF THE SPACE: 5
PERCENTAGE THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE OFF: 81%
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 625
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 625
RECEPTION
HOURS THAT REQUIRE ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING DURING THE YEAR: 704
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 3251
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 3251
ASSUMED AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR OF THE SPACE: 5
PERCENTAGE THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE OFF: 93%
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 228
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 228
SITTING AREA - CAFE
HOURS THAT REQUIRE ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING DURING THE YEAR: 1011
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 3426
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 3426
ASSUMED AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR OF THE SPACE: 3
PERCENTAGE THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE OFF: 88%
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 411
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 411
KITCHEN - CAFE
HOURS THAT REQUIRE ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING DURING THE YEAR: 1011
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 3426
HOURS WITH DAYLIGHT DURING THE YEAR: 3426
ASSUMED AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR OF THE SPACE: 3
PERCENTAGE THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE OFF: 50%
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 1713
HOURS THAT ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING WILL BE NEEDED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO DAYLIGHT: 1713
Artificial lighting design
exhibition spaces
Uniform lighting is required and so only general lighting will be used. There will be no directed lighting due to the fact that the exhibition arrangment will not be permanent.
Selected luminaire: Quatro LED (Thorn, n.d.)
Selected luminaire: Quatro LED (Thorn, n.d.)
In order to calculate the number of the luminaires required, the room index was calculated first using the equation: (LxW)/H(L+W), where L is the room length, W is the room width and H is the heightof luminaires above wokring plane. (CIBSE,n.d.)
L=15, W=10, H=2
Room Index=(10x15)/2(10+15)=3
The number of luminaires was calculated using the equation: (ExA)/(LUxUFxM), where E is the planned illuminance (lux), A is the area of the space, LU is the initial total light output of the lamps in each luminaire, UF is the utilisation factor and M is the maintance factor (CIBSE, n.d.)
E=300, A=150, LU=3200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.67 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.9 (CIBSE, n.d.)
L=15, W=10, H=2
Room Index=(10x15)/2(10+15)=3
The number of luminaires was calculated using the equation: (ExA)/(LUxUFxM), where E is the planned illuminance (lux), A is the area of the space, LU is the initial total light output of the lamps in each luminaire, UF is the utilisation factor and M is the maintance factor (CIBSE, n.d.)
E=300, A=150, LU=3200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.67 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.9 (CIBSE, n.d.)
N=(300x150)/(3x3200x0.67x0.9)=8
Power consmption
It was calculated using the equation 3E/η, where E is the illuminance delivered on the working plane and η is the efficacy of the luminaires in lumens per watt (WSA, n.d.)
E=308 and η=76 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x308)/76 = 12.15 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 806x12.15 = 9792.9 W/m2
*806 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
It was calculated using the equation 3E/η, where E is the illuminance delivered on the working plane and η is the efficacy of the luminaires in lumens per watt (WSA, n.d.)
E=308 and η=76 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x308)/76 = 12.15 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 806x12.15 = 9792.9 W/m2
*806 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
Revised modelling showing lighting loads according to the luminaires used.
workshop
General lighting in conjuction with direct lighting will be used.
Selected luminaires: Optus IV and Equaline Freestanding (Thorn, n.d.).
Selected luminaires: Optus IV and Equaline Freestanding (Thorn, n.d.).
Room index, number of luminaries and power consumption were calculated as above for exhibition spaces (the same procedure will be done also for the next spaces).
L=20, W=10, H=3
Room Index=(10x20)/3(10+20)=2.22
E=500, A=200, LU=5200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.66 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.85 (Thorn, n.d.)
N=(500x200)/(3x5200x0.66x0.85)=11
L=20, W=10, H=3
Room Index=(10x20)/3(10+20)=2.22
E=500, A=200, LU=5200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.66 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.85 (Thorn, n.d.)
N=(500x200)/(3x5200x0.66x0.85)=11
Power consmption
It was calculated using the same equation as exhibition spaces.
(the same procedure will be done also for the next spaces)
E=542 and η=86 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x542)/86 = 18.9 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 1351x18.9 = 25533.9 W/m2
*1351 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
The freestanding luminaire (Equaline Freestanding) will be used only when an artistis will perform a difficult task. It assumed to be needed around 30% of the hours that artificial lighting will be on. (30% of 1351 = 405.3)
E=400 and η=72 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x400)/72 = 16.7 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 405.3x16.7 = 6768.51 W/m2
It was calculated using the same equation as exhibition spaces.
(the same procedure will be done also for the next spaces)
E=542 and η=86 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x542)/86 = 18.9 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 1351x18.9 = 25533.9 W/m2
*1351 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
The freestanding luminaire (Equaline Freestanding) will be used only when an artistis will perform a difficult task. It assumed to be needed around 30% of the hours that artificial lighting will be on. (30% of 1351 = 405.3)
E=400 and η=72 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x400)/72 = 16.7 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 405.3x16.7 = 6768.51 W/m2
Revised modelling showing lighting loads according to the luminaires used.
Reception
General lighting will be used. The luminaire is the same with exhibition spaces.
L=10, W=5, H=3
Room Index=(5x10)/3(5+10)=1.1
E=200, A=50, LU=3200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.54 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.9 (CIBSE, n.d.)
N=(200x50)/(1.1x3200x0.54x0.9)=6
L=10, W=5, H=3
Room Index=(5x10)/3(5+10)=1.1
E=200, A=50, LU=3200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.54 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.9 (CIBSE, n.d.)
N=(200x50)/(1.1x3200x0.54x0.9)=6
Power consmption
E=308 and η=76 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x308)/76 = 12.15 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 932x12.15 = 11323.8 W/m2
*932 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
E=308 and η=76 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x308)/76 = 12.15 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 932x12.15 = 11323.8 W/m2
*932 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
Revised modelling showing lighting loads according to the luminaires used.
sitting area - cafe
General lighting will be used. The luminaire is the same with exhibition spaces.
L=6, W=5, H=3
Room Index=(6x5)/3(5+6)= 0.9
E=300, A=30, LU=3200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.53 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.9 (CIBSE, n.d.)
N=(300x30)/(0.9x3200x0.53x0.9)=6
L=6, W=5, H=3
Room Index=(6x5)/3(5+6)= 0.9
E=300, A=30, LU=3200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.53 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.9 (CIBSE, n.d.)
N=(300x30)/(0.9x3200x0.53x0.9)=6
Power consmption
E=308 and η=76 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x308)/76 = 12.15 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 1422x12.15 = 17277.3 W/m2
*1422 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
E=308 and η=76 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x308)/76 = 12.15 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 1422x12.15 = 17277.3 W/m2
*1422 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
Revised modelling showing lighting loads according to the luminaires used.
kitchen - cafe
General lighting will be used. The luminaire is the same with workshop. (Optus IV)
L=6, W=5, H=3
Room Index=(6x5)/3(5+6)= 0.9
E=500, A=30, LU=5200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.53 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.85 (CIBSE, n.d.)
N=(500x30)/(0.9x5200x0.53x0.85)=7
L=6, W=5, H=3
Room Index=(6x5)/3(5+6)= 0.9
E=500, A=30, LU=5200 (Thorn, n.d.), UF=0.53 (CIBSE, n.d.), M=0.85 (CIBSE, n.d.)
N=(500x30)/(0.9x5200x0.53x0.85)=7
Power consmption
E=542 and η=86 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x542)/86 = 18.9 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 2724x18.9 = 51483.6 W/m2
*2724 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
E=542 and η=86 (Thorn, n.d.)
(3x542)/86 = 18.9 W/m2
Power consumption during the year: 2724x18.9 = 51483.6 W/m2
*2724 is the hours that artificial illuminance is used during the whole year (hours that daylight is not avaible + hours that artificial lighting is necessary as supplementary to the daylight).
Revised modelling showing lighting loads according to the luminaires used.
REFERENCES
[1] thetimeanddate.com, n.d. Sunrise and Sunset in London. [online] Available at: http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/astronomy.html?n=136&month=1&year=2014&obj=sun&afl=-11&day=1 [Accessed: 7 March 2014]
[2] The society of light and lighting, 2009. The SLL Lighting Handbook.[pdf] Available at: http://www.oneeffect.com/public/Lighting-Standards/sll%20handbook%20INTERNATIONAL.pdf. [Accessed: 1 March 2014]
[3] Thorn, n.d. Products[online] Available at:http://www.thornlighting.com/en/products [Accessed:1 March 2014]
[4] CIBSE, n.d. Installers lighting guide number 1. [pdf]
[5] WSA, n.d. Environmental Design Practise Module - Lighting Loads [pdf]
IMAGES
[1] The society of light and lighting, 2009. The SLL Lighting Handbook.[graph] Available at: http://www.oneeffect.com/public/Lighting-Standards/sll%20handbook%20INTERNATIONAL.pdf. p.127 [Accessed: 1 March 2014]
[1] thetimeanddate.com, n.d. Sunrise and Sunset in London. [online] Available at: http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/astronomy.html?n=136&month=1&year=2014&obj=sun&afl=-11&day=1 [Accessed: 7 March 2014]
[2] The society of light and lighting, 2009. The SLL Lighting Handbook.[pdf] Available at: http://www.oneeffect.com/public/Lighting-Standards/sll%20handbook%20INTERNATIONAL.pdf. [Accessed: 1 March 2014]
[3] Thorn, n.d. Products[online] Available at:http://www.thornlighting.com/en/products [Accessed:1 March 2014]
[4] CIBSE, n.d. Installers lighting guide number 1. [pdf]
[5] WSA, n.d. Environmental Design Practise Module - Lighting Loads [pdf]
IMAGES
[1] The society of light and lighting, 2009. The SLL Lighting Handbook.[graph] Available at: http://www.oneeffect.com/public/Lighting-Standards/sll%20handbook%20INTERNATIONAL.pdf. p.127 [Accessed: 1 March 2014]