Qo+Qs+Qi=Qf+QV for a free running building
Qo+Qs+Qi = (UA+Cv)(tai-tao)
If the equation is solved to: tai = (Qo+Qs+Qi)/(UA+Cv) + tao then we can find the interior temperatures for each space.
Qo+Qs+Qi = (UA+Cv)(tai-tao)
If the equation is solved to: tai = (Qo+Qs+Qi)/(UA+Cv) + tao then we can find the interior temperatures for each space.
Qo metabolic gains due to occupants
They were calculated for two scenarios: 1] the minimum users and 2] the maximum users for each space.
The metabolic rate was estimated from Auliciems A. et al, 2007. To calculate the heat generation tables from CIBSE and ASHRAE were used. (those tables were given earlier in this portfolio in the ACTIVITY tab)
They were calculated for two scenarios: 1] the minimum users and 2] the maximum users for each space.
The metabolic rate was estimated from Auliciems A. et al, 2007. To calculate the heat generation tables from CIBSE and ASHRAE were used. (those tables were given earlier in this portfolio in the ACTIVITY tab)
Heat gains were estimating by: Heat Generation*1.8, where 1.8sq.m is the average surface area of an adilt human body (CIBSE, 2008).
Finally, Qo Max and Qo Min where estimated by multipling the heat gains to the number of the occupants for maximum use and minimum use respectively.
Finally, Qo Max and Qo Min where estimated by multipling the heat gains to the number of the occupants for maximum use and minimum use respectively.
Qs solar gains
To estimate the solar gains from windows the area of the window multiplied to the peak irradiance (obtained from ASHRAE) according to the orientation and to the transmission of the window (obtained from Design Builder).
To estimate the solar gains from windows the area of the window multiplied to the peak irradiance (obtained from ASHRAE) according to the orientation and to the transmission of the window (obtained from Design Builder).
Qi incidental gains due to equipment
Equipment for each space was estimated according to its use. The gains produces from each one were estimated from ASHRAE (tables were given earlier in this portfolio).
Equipment for each space was estimated according to its use. The gains produces from each one were estimated from ASHRAE (tables were given earlier in this portfolio).
It is assumed that there is no equipment in paintings and sculptures exhibition.
Qf conductive exchanges across solid fabric
Qf = UA (tai-tao)
UA was calculated according to the U-value of each component and its area. U-Values were taken from Design Builder.
Qv exchanges of air (natural ventilation and infiltration)
Qv = Cv (tai-tao), Cv=NV/3
Cv was calculated according to the air changes required for each space and its volume.
Αir changes per hour were assumed using different sources. At first, it was considered the suggested air supply suggested by CIBSE (table given earlier) which is about 10l/s per person for all the spaces exept the kitchen.
For example: paintings exhibition space.
10l/s per person equals to 36cub.m/h per person. For 100 users which is the maximum use of the space the air supply is then 3600 cub.m/h. The volume of the space is 600 cub.m and so (3600/600) 6 ac/h are needed.
But this calculation can't work for the kitchen for example, since we have only 2 users and greater internal gains.
Consiquently, in order to achive more reasonable temperatures there were used the tables from the pages:http://nuaire.info/catalogue/CommercialBrochure.pdf and http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/vent2.htm
Qf = UA (tai-tao)
UA was calculated according to the U-value of each component and its area. U-Values were taken from Design Builder.
Qv exchanges of air (natural ventilation and infiltration)
Qv = Cv (tai-tao), Cv=NV/3
Cv was calculated according to the air changes required for each space and its volume.
Αir changes per hour were assumed using different sources. At first, it was considered the suggested air supply suggested by CIBSE (table given earlier) which is about 10l/s per person for all the spaces exept the kitchen.
For example: paintings exhibition space.
10l/s per person equals to 36cub.m/h per person. For 100 users which is the maximum use of the space the air supply is then 3600 cub.m/h. The volume of the space is 600 cub.m and so (3600/600) 6 ac/h are needed.
But this calculation can't work for the kitchen for example, since we have only 2 users and greater internal gains.
Consiquently, in order to achive more reasonable temperatures there were used the tables from the pages:http://nuaire.info/catalogue/CommercialBrochure.pdf and http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/vent2.htm
Τhe average temperatures of the coldest (24/12, obtained earlier in Episode 1 from Weather Tool, 6.7°C) and the hottest day (12/7, obtained earlier in Episode 1 from Weather Tool, 19.7°C)were used as exterior temperatures (tao).
As a result, there are examined four different cases: 1) The coldest day with the minimum occupancy 2) The coldest day with the maximum occupancy 3) The hottest day with the minimum occupancy 4) The hottest day with the maximum occupancy.
As a result, there are examined four different cases: 1) The coldest day with the minimum occupancy 2) The coldest day with the maximum occupancy 3) The hottest day with the minimum occupancy 4) The hottest day with the maximum occupancy.
REFERENCES
[1] CIBSE, 2008. CIBSE Concise Handbook. [pdf]
[2] ASHRAE, 2013. 2013 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals. SI ed. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
[3] Auliciems A. et al, 2007, Thermal Comfort [pdf] Passive and Low Energy Architecture International in association with the Department of Architecture, The University of Queensland Brisban.
[4] WSA, 2012. Heat Balance methods 1: steady state [word document] Cardiff: University of Cardiff
[5]Nauire, n.d. Commercial cataloge [online] Available at: http://nuaire.info/catalogue/CommercialBrochure.pdf [Accessed: 8 February 2014]
[6] Unknown, n.d. Ventilation Rates [online] Available at: http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/vent2.htm [Accessed: 8 February 2014]
IMAGES[17] ASHRAE, 2013. Peak Irradiance [Table] In: 2013 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals, SI ed. Atlanta: ASHRAE, p. 17.9.
[1] CIBSE, 2008. CIBSE Concise Handbook. [pdf]
[2] ASHRAE, 2013. 2013 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals. SI ed. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
[3] Auliciems A. et al, 2007, Thermal Comfort [pdf] Passive and Low Energy Architecture International in association with the Department of Architecture, The University of Queensland Brisban.
[4] WSA, 2012. Heat Balance methods 1: steady state [word document] Cardiff: University of Cardiff
[5]Nauire, n.d. Commercial cataloge [online] Available at: http://nuaire.info/catalogue/CommercialBrochure.pdf [Accessed: 8 February 2014]
[6] Unknown, n.d. Ventilation Rates [online] Available at: http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/vent2.htm [Accessed: 8 February 2014]
IMAGES[17] ASHRAE, 2013. Peak Irradiance [Table] In: 2013 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals, SI ed. Atlanta: ASHRAE, p. 17.9.